The radius of a Triangle's Incircle or of a Polyhedron's Insphere, denoted . For a Triangle,

 (1) (2)

where is the Area of the Triangle, , , and are the side lengths, is the Semiperimeter, and is the Circumradius (Johnson 1929, p. 189).

Equation (1) can be derived easily using Trilinear Coordinates. Since the Incenter is equally spaced from all three sides, its trilinear coordinates are 1:1:1, and its exact trilinear coordinates are . The ratio of the exact trilinears to the homogeneous coordinates is given by

 (3)

But since in this case,
 (4)

Q. E. D.

Other equations involving the inradius include

 (5)

 (6)

 (7)

 (8)

 (9)

where are the Exradii (Johnson 1929, pp. 189-191).

As shown in Right Triangle, the inradius of a Right Triangle of integral side lengths , , and is also integral, and is given by

 (10)

where is the Hypotenuse. Let be the distance between inradius and Circumradius , . Then
 (11)

 (12)

(Mackay 1886-87). These and many other identities are given in Johnson (1929, pp. 186-190).

 (13) (14)

for an Archimedean Solid.

References

Johnson, R. A. Modern Geometry: An Elementary Treatise on the Geometry of the Triangle and the Circle. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1929.

Mackay, J. S. Historical Notes on a Geometrical Theorem and its Developments [18th Century].'' Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. 5, 62-78, 1886-1887.

Mackay, J. S. Formulas Connected with the Radii of the Incircle and Excircles of a Triangle.'' Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. 12, 86-105.

Mackay, J. S. Formulas Connected with the Radii of the Incircle and Excircles of a Triangle.'' Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. 13, 103-104.