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JOURNALOF 
SOOALDEVELOPME 
IN AFRICA 
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Editorial 
Women, criminality and multifocal empowerment 
responses: some prospects for Botswana 
Tirelo Modie-Moroka and Marie-Antoinette Sossou 
Globalization and competitiveness: implications for 
poverty reduction in Uganda 
Augustus Nuwagaba 
The role of the adult literacy organization of Zimbabwe 
(ALOZ) in the implementation of literacy programmes in 
Zimbabwe 
Aaron T. Sigauke 
Globalization, Americanization and Western 
imperialism 
Kolawole A. Owolabi 
The military, ethnicity and democracy in Nigeria 
Edlyne E. Anugwom 
The education of girls and women in Uganda 
Peter R. Atekyereza 
The debt crisis, the global economy and the challenges 
of development: sub Saharan Africa at the crossroads 
John K. Akokpari 
Book review 
Cumulative table of contents 2000-2001 
Volume 16 No 2 2001
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 
School of Social Work 
P Bag 66022 Kopje Harare Zimbabwe 
The Journal publishes analyses of social 
development issues as they affect the 
poor and marginalized. It deals especially 
with concerns relevant to sub Saharan 
Africa and is addressed to development 
and social workers, planners, policymakers 
and academics in a variety of 
fields. 
Published twice annually, the Journal 
seeks to enhance understanding of the 
social development processes that 
contribute to the planning and implementation 
of appropriate intervention 
strategies at different levels. Its goal is 
to discover how best to target relevant 
and successful projects to those most in 
need and how to maximize popular 
participation, thereby creating egalitarian 
and productive communities. 
SUBSCRIPTIONS PER ANNUM (2 ISSUES PER 
YEAR)* 
Zimbabwe ZS300 
Zimbabwe (students) Z$ 15 0 
Developing world US$35 
Rest of world US$45 
* PLEASE INDICATE STARTING YEAR FOR 
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CAROLE PEARCE 
EDITORIAL BOARD 
EDWIN KASEKE (CHAIRPERSON), PRINCIPAL, 
SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. 
RODRECK MUPEDZISWA, DEPUTY PRINCIPAL, 
SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. 
PERPETUA GUMBO, LECTURER, SCHOOL OF 
SOCIAL WORK, HARARE. 
JOSPHAT M MATHE, REDD BARNA, HARARE. 
EDITORIAL ADVISORS 
LIONEL LOUW, SENIOR LECTURER, SCHOOL OF 
SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE 
TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA. 
JOHN F. JONES, DEAN, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF 
SOCIAL WORK, UNIVERSITY OF DENVER, 
USA. 
JAMES MIDGLEY, SPECHT PROFESSOR AND 
DEAN, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY, 
USA. 
KWAKU OSEI-HWEDIE, HEAD, DEPT OF SOCIAL 
WORK, UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA, 
BOTSWANA. 
PAUL KIS.HINDO, SENIOR LECTURER, DEPT. OF 
SOCIOLOGY, CHANCELLOR COLLEGE, 
UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI, MALAWI. 
NANA ARABA APT, COORDINATOR, SOCIAL 
WORK PROGRAMME, DEPT. OF SOCIOLOGY, 
UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, GHANA. 
GARY CRAIG, PROF. OF SOCIAL JUSTICE, 
UNIVERSITY OF HULL. 
ISING BY ARRANGEMENT.
Journal of Social Development in Africa 
Vol 16 No 2 2001 
ARTICLES 
Contents 
EDITORIAL •* 
Women, criminality and multifocal empowerment 
responses: some prospects for Botswana 
Tirelo Modie-Moroka and Marie-Antoinette Sossou 5 
Globalization and competitiveness: implications for 
poverty reduction in Uganda 
Augustus Nuwagaba 31 
The role of the adult literacy organization of 
Zimbabwe (ALOZ) in the implementation of literacy 
programmes in Zimbabwe 
Aaron T. Sigauke 53 
Globalization, Americanization and Western imperialism 
Kolawole A. Owolabi 71 
The military, ethnicity and democracy in Nigeria 
Edlyne E. Anugwom 93 
The education of girls and women in Uganda 
Peter R. Atekyereza 115 
The debt crisis, the global economy and the challenges 
of development: sub Saharan Africa at the crossroads 
John K. Akokpari 147 
BOOK REVIEW 171 
CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000-2001 174 
BOOKS RECEIVED 178
SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS OF JSDA 
Gmtaral 
• Ageing and the Elderly: Report of an In-Service Training Programme 1982. Joe Hampson SJ (ed.) 
US$4Z$200(A5 51pp) 
• Social Development and Rural Fieldwork 1986. Joe Hampson SJ & Brigid Willmore (eds.) US$4 Z$200, 
• Zimbabwe Action Plan on the Elderly 1986. School of Social Work US$4 Z$200 (A4 28 pp) 
• Woriishop Report: Health Manpower Issues in Relation to Equity In and Access to Health Services in 
• Social Work Training in Africa: A Fieldwork Manual 1990. Nigel Hall. US$16 Z$800 (A5,156pp) 
• The Social Implications of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa 1992. Nigel Hall (ed.) US$10 
(A5, 96 pp) 
Zimbabwe 1989. Brigid Willmore & Nigel Hall (eds.) US$4 Z$200 (A4 22 pp) 
Z$500 (A4 100 pp) 
• Care of the Elderly in Zimbabwe 1992. Viola Zimunya & Edwin Kaseke (eds.) US$8 Z$400 (A5 96pp) 
• Fieldwork Supervision: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Nyanga, Zimbabwe Sept 1992. Nigel Hall, 
Alfred Madaka & Claudia Madzokere (eds.). US$6 Z$300 (A5 57 pp) 
• Uprooted: Refugees and Social Work in Africa 1990 Rodreck Mupedziswa US$20 Z$1000 (A5 220pp) 
• Directory ofNGOs Involved with Mozambican Refugees in Zimbabwe and Malawi 1993. Research 
Unit/SATARI US$6 Z$300 (A5 124 pp) 
• Social Development and Urban Poverty 1993. Nigel Hall (ed.) US $16 Z$ 800 (A4 153 pp) 
• Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Lake View Inn, Kariba 1993,1994. Nigel Hall 
(ed.) US$6 Z$300 (A5 55pp) 
• Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Bulawayo Sun Hotel fane 1994 Nigel Hall (ed.) 
US$4 Z$200 (A5 30pp) 
• Rural Social Security Needs: The Case of Zimbabwe 1995. Edwin Kaseke. US$16 Z$1200(A5 98pp) 
• Social Policy and Administration in Zimbabwe 1995. Nigel Hall & Rodreck Mupedziswa (eds.) US$24 
• The Case of Social Safety Nets in Zimbabwe 1998. Edwin Kaseke; Perpetua Gumbo, Jotham Dhemba, 
Z$1200(A5 2l2pp) 
US$16 Z$800 (A5 87pp) 
• The State and Dynamics of Social Policy Practice and Research in Zimbabwe 1998. Edwin Kaseke; 
Jotham Dhemba & Perpetua Gumbo. US$16 Z$80 (A5105 pp) 
• AIDS in Africa. The Social Work Response 1998. Rodreck Mupedziswa. US$24 Z$1200 (A5 220 pp) 
Research Unit Scries 
• Skilled Manpower Needs ofNGOs in Zimbabwe 1992 Researched & complied by Perpetua Gumbo & 
Jotham Dhemba US$6 Z$300 (A4 27pp) 
• Student Health Services at the School of Social Work: A Survey 1992. Researched & compiled by 
• AIDS Home Care: A Baseline Survey in Zimbabwe 1992. Researched and compiled by Helen Jackson 
• Family Coping and AIDS in Zimbabwe A Study 1994 Researched & compiled by Helen Jackson & 
• Services Available to Street Children in Zimbabwe 1995. Complied by Ruth Kiire & Christine Marlow 
• The Prevention of Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancies: Attitudes of Black Zimbabweans in Harare 
Stella Makana & Jotham Dhemba (US$6 Z$$300 (free to students) A5 29pp) 
& Kate Mhambi US$8 Z$400 (A4 48pp) 
Diana Civic US$10 Z$500 (A4 72 pp) 
US$10 Z$500(A4 5lpp) 
1995. Compiled by Ruth Kiire. US$10 Z$500 (A4 28pp) 
Occasional Papar Sarlas: 
• The Informal Sector and Employment in Zimbabwe 1994. Rodreck Mupedziswa US$10 Z$500 (A4 
53pp) 
• A Situation Analysis of the Social Development Fund 1994. Edwin Kaseke. US$10 Z$500 (A4 39pp) 
• A Survey of Fieldwork Practice in the United Kingdom and Sri Lanka, with Implications for Social Work 
Training in Zimbabwe 1995. Nigel Hall US$10 Z$500 (A4,48pp) 
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA VOL 16 NO 2 JULY 2001