ISSN 1012—1080 
JOURNAL OF 
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 
IN AFRICA 
Editorial 
Social Policy Training and Social Work: 
The South African Context 
Visanthie Sewpaul; Antoinette Lombard; 
Lionel Louw & Ndangwa Noyoo 
One NGOs Contribution to Women's Economic 
Empowerment & Social Development in Zimbabwe 
Maria Julia 
Promoting Participatory Development as a Strategy 
of Poverty Alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa 
_^ Peter Oakley & Ian Clegg 
The Basarwa/San/Bushman Question in Botswana 
Community Economic Development (CED) 
Keitseope Nthomang 
Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood in a 
Ghanaian Community 
E T Keller. D B Hilton & KTwumasi-Ankrah 
Student Assessment of Supervision in Social Work 
Field Practice in the Caribbean and Southern Africa 
John A Maxwell 
Participatory Planning: Counterbalancing Centralisation 
ArnonA Bar-On & Gerard Prinsen 
Review Article & Book Reviews 
Books Received 
Volume 14 No 1 1999
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 
School of Social Work, P/Bag 66022 Kopje, Harare, Zimbabwe 
The Journal publishes critical analyses of social development issues as they affect the poor 
and marginalised in society. It deals with concerns, especially, but not exclusively, 
relevant to southern Africa, and is addressed to development practitioners, social workers, 
planners, policy makers and academics in a variety of fields such as economics, 
geography, politics, sociology, psychology, social administration, and to other concerned 
individuals. 
Published twice annually, the Journal seeks to enhance understanding of the social 
development processes that contribute to the planning and implementation of appropriate 
intervention strategies at different levels. Its goal is to discover how best to target relevant 
and successful projects to those most in need, and how to maximise popular participation, 
thereby creating egalitarian and productive communities. 
Editor 
Mr Nigel Hall 
Editorial Board 
Dr Edwin Kaseke (Chairperson), Principal, School of Social Work, Harare. 
Mr Rodreck Mupedziswa, Deputy Principal, School of Social Work, Harare. 
Mrs Perpetua Gumbo, Lecturer, School of Social Work, Harare. 
Mr Josphat M Mathe, Redd Barna, Harare. 
Editorial Advisors 
Dr Lionel Louw, Senior Lecturer, School of Social Work, University of Cape Town, 
South Africa. 
Prof John F Jones, Dean, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, USA. 
Prof James Midgley, Specht Professor and Dean, School of Social Welfare, University 
of California at Berkeley, USA. 
Prof Kwaku Osei-Hwedie, Head, DepL of Social Work, University of Botswana, 
Botswana. 
Dr Paul Kishindo, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Sociology, Chancellor College, 
University of Malawi, Malawi. 
Dr Nana Araba Apt, Coordinator, Social Work Programme, Dept. of Sociology, 
University of Ghana, Ghana. 
Prof Gary Craig, University of Humberside, United Kingdom. 
Subscriptions per annum* 
Developing World US$30 Zimbabwe Z$40 (2 issues per year) 
Rest of World US$40 
* Please indicate starting issue or year for subscriptions. 
Back issues available on request 
Agents discount 20%. 
Airmail surchage US$8 per annum. 
Advertising rates on request, exchange advertising by arrangement.
Journal of Social Development in Africa 
Vol 14 No 11999 
Editorial 3 
Articles 
Social Policy Training and Social Work: The South African Context 
Visanthie Sewpaul; Antoinette Lombard; Lionel Louw & Ndangwa 
Noyoo 5 
One NGOs Contribution to Women's Economic Empowerment and 
Social Development in Zimbabwe 
Maria Julia 19 
Promoting Participatory Development as a Strategy of Poverty 
Alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Some Current Practice 
Peter Oakley & Ian Clegg 31 
The Basarwa/San/Bushman Question in Botswana. Community 
Economic Development (CED): Creating Opportunities for 
Empowerment 
Keitseope Nthomang 53 
Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood in a Ghanaian Community 
Ella T Keller, Doreen B Hilton & Kwaku Twumasi-Anhrah 69 
Student Assessment of Supervision in Social Work Reid Practice in 
the Caribbean and Southern Africa: A Comparative Study and 
Comment 
John A Maxwell 85 
Participatory Planning: Counterbalancing Centralisation 
Arnon A Bar-On & Gerard Prinsen 101 
Review Articles & Book Reviews 121 
List of Books Received 133 
Abstracting Services & Index 134
SUPPLEMENTARY PUBLICATIONS OF THE 
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 
General; 
• Ageing and the Elderly: Report of an In-Service Training Programme (1982) Joe Hampson SJ (ed). Price: US$4 
ZIMS10 (A5, 51pp). 
• Social Development and Rural Fieldwork (1986) Joe Hampson SJ and Brigid Willmore (eds). Price: US$4 
ZIMJ10 (A5, 96pp). 
• Zimbabwe Action Plan on the Elderly (1986) School of Social Work. Price: US$4 ZIM$10 (A4, 28pp). 
• Workshop Report: Health Manpower Issues in Relation to Equity in and Access to Health Services in Zimbabwe 
(1989) Brigid Willmore and Nigel Hall (eds). Prke: US$4 ZIMS10 (A4, 22pp). 
• Social Work Training in Africa: A Fieldwork Manual (1990) Nigel Hall. Price: US$16 ZIM$40 (A5,156pp). 
• The Social Implications of Structural Adjustment Programmes in Africa (1992) Nigel Hall (ed). Price:US$10 
ZIM$25 (A4, lOOpp). 
• Care of tte Elderly in Zimbabwe (1992) Viola Zimunya and Edwin Kaseke (eds). Price: US$8 ZIM$20 (A5, 
96pp). 
• Fieldwork Supervision: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Nyanga, Zimbabwe, Sept 1992 (1992) Nigel Hall, 
Alfred Madaka, Claudia Madzokere (eds). Price: US$6 ZIM$15 (A5, 57pp). 
• Uprooted: Refugees and Social Work in Africa (1993) Rodreck Mupedziswa. Price:US$20 ZIM$50 A5, 220pp). 
• Directory of NGOs Involved with Mozambican Refugees in Zimbabwe and Malawi (1993) Research UnuyS ATARI. 
Price: US$6 ZIM$15 (A5, 124pp). 
• Social Development and Urban Poverty (1993) Nigel Hall (ed). Price: US$16 ZIM$40 (A4,153pp) 
• Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Lake View Inn, Kariba, November 1993 (1994) Nigel Hall 
(ed). Price: US$6 ZIM$15 (A5, 55pp). 
• Fieldwork Training: Proceedings of a Workshop held at Bulawayo Sun Hotel, June 1994 (1994) Nigel Hall 
(ed). Price: US$4 ZIM$10 (A5, 30pp). 
• Rural Social Security Needs: The Case of Zimbabwe (1995) Edwin Kaseke. Price: US$16 ZIM$40 (A5, 98pp). 
• Social Policy and Administration in Zimbabwe (1995) N Hall & R Mupedziswa (eds) Price: US$25 
ZIM$60 (A5, 212pp). 
• The Case of Social Safety Nets in Zimbabwe (1998) Edwin Kaseke; Perpetua Gumbo & Jotham Dhemba Price: 
US$10 ZIM$30 (A5, 87pp). 
Research Unit Series: 
1. Skilled Manpower Needs of NGOs in Zimbabwe (1992) Researched & Compiled by Perpetua Gumbo & Jotham 
2. Student Health Services at the School of Social Work: A Survey (1992) Researched & Compiled by Stella Makanya 
3. AIDS Home Care: A Baseline Survey in Zimbabwe (1992) Researched & Compiled by Helen Jackson & Kate 
4. Family Coping and AIDS in Zimbabwe: A Study (1994) Researched & Compiled by Helen Jackson & Diana Civic. 
5. Services Available to Street Children in Zimbabwe (1995) Compiled by Ruth Kiire & Prof. Christine Marlow. 
6. The Prevention of Unwanted Adolescent Pregnancies: Attitudes of Black Zimbabweans in Harare (1995) Compiled by 
Dhemba. Price: US$6 ZIM$15 (A4, 27pp). 
& Jotham Dhemba. Price: US$6 ZIM$15 (This publication is free to students) (A4, 29pp). 
Mhambi. Price: US$8 ZIM$20 (A4, 48pp). 
Price: US$10 ZIM$25 (A4, 72pp). 
Price: US$10 ZIM$2S (A4, 51pp). 
Ruth Kiire. Price: US$10 ZIM$25 (A4, 28pp). 
Occasional Paper Series: 
1. The Informal Sector and Employment in Zimbabwe. (1994) R Mupedziswa Price: US$10 ZIM$25 (A4, 
53pp). 
2. A Situation Analysis of the Social Development Fund. (1994) E Kaseke. Price: US$10 ZIM$25 (A4, 39pp). 
3. A Study of Fieldwork Practice in the United Kingdom and Sri Lanka, with Implications for Social Work Training in 
Zimbabwe. (1995) N Hall. Price: US$10 ZIM$25 (A4, 48pp). 
Subscription Agencies receive a 20% discount. 
Students of the School of Social Work can purchase the above publications at 50% discount. 
Orders to: 
The Editor, Journal of Social Development in Africa, 
School of Social Work, 
P. Bag 66022, Kopje, 
Harare, 
Zimbabwe. Tel: 263-4-751815; 752965/6/7 
Fax: 263-4-751903; email: ssw@esanet.zw