^JOURNAL OF 
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 
IN AFRICA 
Editorial 
Social Work in Africa: Issues and Challenges 
Apollo Rwomire & Logong Raditlhokwa 
Rural Development in South Africa: 
Implications for Social Work Practice 
5 P Molefe 
Some Observations on Crime in Botswana 
1980-1992 
Christine & Roy Love 
Spirituality & Social Work Students in a 
South African University 
Terry Sacco 
Environmental Protection and Economic 
Development in Zambia 
Bertha Z Osei-Hwedie 
Peer Education as a Strategy for Promotion of 
HIV/AIDS Awareness Among Street Children 
R Mupedziswa; V Matimba & L Kanyowa 
The Human Cost Dimension of Desertification 
in the Drylands of Africa 
MBKDarkoh 
Book Reviews 
Volume 11 No 2 1996 
ISSN 1012-1080
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA 
School of Social Work, P/Bag 66022 Kopje, Harare, Zimbabwe 
The Journal publishes critical analyses of social development issues as they affect the poc 
and marginalised in society. It deals with concerns, especially, but not exclusively, relevai 
to southern Africa, and is addressed to development practitioners, social workers, planner: 
policy makers and academics in a variety of fields such as economics, geography, politic: 
sociology, psychology, social administration, and to other concerned individuals. 
Published twice annually, the Journal seeks to enhance understanding of the socis 
development processes that contribute to the planning and implementation of approprial 
intervention strategies at different levels. Its goal is to discover how best to target relevant an 
successful projects to those most in need, and how to maximise popular participation, thereb 
creating egalitarian and productive communities. 
Editor 
Nigel Hall 
Editorial Board 
Dr Edwin Kaseke (Chairperson), Principal, School of Social Work, Harare, Zimbabwe. 
Mr Jotham Dhemba, Lecturer, School of Social Work, Harare, Zimbabwe. 
Mrs Perpetua Gumbo, Lecturer, School of Social Work, Harare, Zimbabwe. 
Mr Josphat M Mathe, Redd Barna, Harare, Zimbabwe. 
Editorial Advisors 
Dr Lionel Louw, Senior Lecturer, School of Social Work, University of Cape Town, Sout 
Africa. 
Prof John F Jones, Dean, Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, USA. 
Prof James Midgley, Professor of Social Work & Associate Vice Chancellor for Researcl 
Louisiana State University, USA. 
Prof Kwaku Osei-Hwedie, Dean, Dept. of Social Work, University of Botswana, Botswan; 
Dr Paul Kishindo, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Sociology, Chancellor College, University ol 
Malawi, Malawi. 
Dr Nana Araba Apt, Coordinator, Social Work Programme, Dept. of Sociology, 
University of Ghana, Ghana. 
Prof Gary Craig, University of Humberside, UK, & Editor, Community Development 
Journal. 
Subscriptions per annum* 
Third World US$30 Rest of World US$40 
Zimbabwe Individuals: ZS30; Institutions: Z$40 
* Please indicate starting issue or year for subscriptions. 
Back issues available on request. 
Agents discount 20%. 
Airmail surchage US$8 per annum. 
Advertising rates on request, exchange advertising by arrangement. 
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E FROM THE^N
Journal of Social Development in Africa 
Vol 11 No 2 1996 
Editorial 
Articles 
Social Work in Africa: Issues and Challenges 
Apollo Rwomire & Logong Raditlhokwa 5 
Rural Development in South Africa: Implications for Social 
Work Practice 
DrSP Molefe 21 
Some Observations on Crime in Botswana 1980 -1992 
Christine & Roy S Love 33 
Spirituality and Social Work Students in their First Year of 
Study at a South African University 
Terry Sacco 43 
Environmental Protection and Economic Development in Zambia 
Bertha Z Osei-Hwedie 57 
Reaching Out to the Unreached: Peer Education as a Strategy for the 
Promotion of HIV/AIDS Awareness Among Street Children 
R Mupedziswa; V Matimba & L Kanyowa 73 
The Human Dimension of Desertification in the Drylands of Africa 
MBKDarkoh 89 
Book Reviews 107 
South Africa: Wealth, Poverty and Reconstruction, Lual A Deng & 
Elling N Tjonneland (eds), The Internet and the South: Superhighway 
or Dirt-track?, Panos Briefing, In Search of Hope for Zimbabwe's 
Farm Workers, Dede Esi Amanor-Wilks & Contributors, Helping 
Gay and Lesbian Youth: New Policies, New Programs, New 
Practices, T DeCrescenzo (ed), From Strategies to Action: 
A Research Perspective, Association of African Women in 
Research and Development (AAWORD) 
List of Books Received 117 
Abstracting Services and Index 119
cy Some new titles from 
•^ Hans Zell Publishers - 1996 
Benjamin Nunez 
Dictionary of Portuguese-African Civilization 
Volume 2: From Ancient Kings to Presidents 
502pp March 1996 C65.O0ISU0.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-65-7 
Hans M. Zell & Cecile Lomer 
Publishing and Book Development in 
Sub-Saharan Africa: 
An Annotated Bibliography 
424pp April 1996 £60.00/$100.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-46-5 
(Studies in Publishing, 3) 
Published in association with the African 
Publishers'Network (APNET), Harare, 
Zimbabwe 
John Mcllwaine 
Writings on African Archives 
297pp May 1996 C55.00IS95.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-66-X 
Published on behalf of the Standing Conference on Library 
Materials on Africa (SCOLMA) 
John Mcllwaine 
Maps and Mapping of Africa: 
A Resource Guide 
ca.350pp July 1996 ca. £60.00ISIOO.OO cased 
ISBN 1-873836-76-7 
Gretchen Walsh 
The Media in Africa & Africa in the Media: 
An Annotated Bibliography 
ca.240pp August 1996 ca.£48.00IS85.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-81-3 
Hans M. Zell 
The African Studies Companion: 
A Resource Guide and Directory 
2nd revised edition 
ca.HOpp October 1996 ca.a9.50/S65.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-41-4 
HANS ZELL PUBLISHERS 
An imprint of Bowker-Saur 
A division of Reed Elsevier (UK) Ltd. 
Orders to: 
Customer Services Department, Bowker-Saur Ltd., 
Maypole House, Maypole Road, 
East Grinstead, West Sussex, RH19 1HU, UK 
Tel: +44 (0) 1342 330100 
Fax:+44 (0) 1342 330198 / 330190 
E-mail: custserv@bowker-saur.co.uk 
Recently published: 
Kole Omotoso 
Achebe or Soyinka? A Study in Contrasts 
210pp 1996 £45.00/S85.00 cased 
ISBN 0-905450-38-8 
(New Perspectives on African Literature, 3) 
"...Omotoso's is a rich, densely-layered book, as 
important for the insight it gives into the author's own 
scholarship and thinking, as well as in deepening 
understanding of Nigeria's two greatest 
contemporary writers." - West Africa 
Bernth Lindfors 
Black African Literature in English, 1987-1991 
708pp 1995 £75.00/S125.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-16-3 
(Bibliographical Research in African Literatures, 3) 
"...more firmly than ever [thel inevitable point of 
departure for any student undertaking a project in 
African literature...the book produces insights and 
illuminations...an essential book." - West Africa 
Benjamin Nunez 
Volume I: From Discovery to Independence 
558pp 1995 £65.00/5110.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-10-4 
"...This welcome work covers all of o espaco portuges. 
the whole extent of Portugal's influence in Africa over 
five centuries, with succinct entries also for the 
indigenous civilizations encountered...amazing 
diversity...this is a valuable work, rich in rare facts." 
- Reference Reviews 
Nancy J. Schmidt 
Sub-Saharan African Films and Filmmakers: 
An Annotated Bibliography, 1987-1992 
418pp 1994 C50.00/S80.00 cased 
ISBN 1-873836-21-X 
"...an extraordinary instrument for every scholar in 
the field of African cinema...one of the most important 
bibliographies published at the present moment on 
African cinema." - Cine and Media 
In the USA and Canada order from: 
K.G. Saur/Reed Reference Publishing, 
121 Chanlon Road, New Providence, NJ 07974 
Tel: 908 464 6800 Fax: 908 464 3553 
Editorial, and manuscript proposals: 
Hans Zell Publishers, PO Box 56, 
Oxford OX1 2SJ, UK 
Tel: +44 (0) 1865 511428 Fax: +44 (0) 1865 311534